Viscosity analyzer



y 30,1939. 'A. G. THOMAS 2,160 6 VISCOSITY ANALYZER Filed April 9, 1937 Invenlor memd m 30, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,100,000 vrscosrrr ammrzsa ,lubm'c. Thomas, Lynchburg, vag- Application 451119.10", Serial No. 135,861

8 Claims. (01. zea -n) Other objects will appear in the following description.

In the drawing:

graphic analyser by which the. viscosity-temperature curve of an oilmay be quickly determined. In the figure viscosity testers I32 and I33 have inlet funnels I38 and I 39, thermometers I36 and I31 showing the temperatures of the liquid under test, 'transparenttubes I34 and I35 and bases I40 and I respectively. These testers are based upon; the general principles as outlined in my Patent No. 2,022,578. The liquid under test rises in the transparent tubes and stops at a level in inverse relation liquid; The less the viscosity the higher the name willrise in tubes I34 and I35 before the timed valve stops the flow.

Vertical scale I42 adjacent tube I34 is laid off so that it is a logarithmicscale of viscosity, the lower the position on the scale the higher the viscosity. Scale I43 adjacent to tube I35 is a duplicate of scale I 42 and occupies the same relative position to tube I35 that scale I42 does to tube I34.

Horizontal scale I44 connects testers I32 and I33 and-is a logarithmic scale of temperature, the zero point'being at I45 which may-also be the origin of the viscosity scale. Therefore the .right hand edge of scale I 42 and of scale I44 represent ordinates and abscissae respectively of a graphicalsystemb Rectangular rod I46 is fastener to slide I41 having a slot through'which scale bar I44 passes.

Thumb screw I43 may be tightened to" clamp slide I41 and rod I46 in any desired horizontal position. Open gap I49 is left in slide "1.50 that an index directly beneath the center of thumbscrew I48 may be set at any desired temperature mark on scale I44. Slide I50, with rectangular slot is vertically movable'on rod I46 and has thumbscrew I5I which may be"'tighte ned to clamp slide I50 in any vertical position relative to scale I42. Pivot I52 passing through a hole,

I53, is fastened to slide I501- in rectangularbar and is in a vertical :5 I41. Thin pointer line from the index on slide uid column-in tube I34.-

- at the proper level. ,The figure is a front elevation of a'viscoslty to the viscosity of the the lower edge 1 level in tube I34 than in tube I35, temperature of the oil testedin the latter case I is attached toarm; I54-v I50. Pointer I5 is on the same vertical level as pivot. I52. so that this pivot may be adjusted to the same level. as the level of the liquid in tube I34, by moving slide I50 and pointer I55 vertically until this; 5 pointer passes through the meniscus of the liq- Thumbscrew I5I may then be tightened to clamp 'slid'e I50 on rod I46 which is'fastened'to slide Rectangular rod #53, I51, gap I59 with inde and slide I60 with thumbscrew IN, and pointer I62 are constructed and related in similar manner and pivot I63, fastened to slide I60, is directly beneath the index on slide I56 bar I53 so that this bar may be turned about pivot I52 and placed at any angle. Pointer I62 serves to place pivot I63 atthe same level as the meniscus of the liquid in tube I35. Slide I56 is movable along'scale I44 andmay be 20' clamped in any horizontal position. v

LongbarI65is fastened to rods I66 and I61 which are slidable in holes in bar I53 and may be clamped by thumbscrews I 69 and I10 threadedinto bar I53. Bar I65vls arranged so'that 5 it is always parallelto'bar I53. Leg "I is vertically movable in slide I12 which may be moved on scale I44 or on a separate guide bar, parallel to scale I44, so that slides I41 and I56 cannot interfere. Leg -I1I is in'te-l 30 gral with horizontal leg I14 at right angles'to leg I". Thumbscrew I13 threaded into slide I12serves to clamp leg "I in any desired position relative to slide I12 or scalelfl. 'Arcuate scale I16 is fastened to bar I53 and is calibrated 35 to indicate the angle between this bar and the vertical mid-line I11 of rod I46. The scale I16 may be calibrated in degrees or indesignations indicating various bases of oils.

In operation if it is desired to obtain the 40 logarithmic viscosity-temperature curve of a petroleum oil, which curve is a straight line. the

cup-of tester I32 will be filled through funnel I38 with oil at one temperature and the cup of tester I 33 will the same kind ct oil at a higher temperature. The two viscosity testers are thenmade to run practically simultaneous tests for the same time interval and therefore the oil will stop at a lower since the so is higher. Then the temperature of the oil in tester I32isread on thermometer I36 and the index on slide I41'is set and clamped at a reading 'on scale I44 to correspond to the reading 55 slide I56; thumbscrew 10 and works in slot I64 in 15 be'fllled through funnel I33 with 45 of thermometer slide I56 is set to register with a mark on temperature scale I44 to correspond to the readin of thermometer I 31rat the time of thetwt. The two slides are then clamped in position by means of thumbscrews I48 and I51 and slide I5. is"

it is necessary only to loosen thumbscrew I13 and to move leg;|14 downward until its lower edge registers with the desired viscosity calibra tion on scalel42. Thumbscrew I13 is then tightened to clamp leg I1I which is then moved horizontally by means of slide I12 until corner I18 touches the mid-line of bar I53. An extended flange I15 may be fastened to bar I53 and may be continued for the length of the bar to act as a mid-line stop for comer "8.. When corner I16 touches-the mid-line of bar I53 the corresponding temperature may be read at the intersection of the right hand edge of leg I" with scale I44. Similarly viscosities corresponding to various temperatures may be obtained. I

In casthe slope of the curve is. known only one viscosity test need be made, with tester I32 preferablyr Then rod I46 is adjusted on scale 4' to register with the mark corresponding to.

the temperatureof the test and pointer I55 is clamped to indicate the proper viscosity level. Thenbar I53 is turned-about pivot I52 until scale I16 indicates the known angle with reference to the mid-line I11.- Then legs I" and I14 may be manipulated as before to obtain temperatures or viscosities.

In practice a series of tests on various fractions of a petroleum oil of one base may be de-' sired, in which case the slope of bar I53 would be unchanged. Then bar I65 may be moved parallel to bar I 53 until the upper edge of bar I 65 section. Instead of grinding the tube it is- 905-- intersects the mid-line I11 of rod I46 at various viscosities as obtained from scale I42. Rod I46 may be calibrated identically with scale I42.

Then various temperatures and. viscosities for each fraction may be read by moving corner I16 until it touches on is level with the top edge of bar I65. This may be' done for each position of bar I65. ;Bar I65 is of course not essential but may be'a convenience. Legs Ill-and I14 may-be calibrated in viscosity units and temperatures, if desired.

It is not essential to have two testers since two consecutive tests can be runat difierentv temperatures in one'tester and the slides I56- and I66 can be setcorrespondingly. The two testers make. for speed of operation however. After the tests the machines are drained and made ready for anotherjtest.

A bar similar to ,bar I65'may 'be fastened to the lower ends of rods I66 and I61 so that-readings may be' made on either side of bar I53;

In order to have scales 'I42 and I43 logarithmic it willbe necessary to have tubes I34 and I35 ground with varying cross section to accomplish this r'esult {since this type of tester normally gives a geometric scale, using a tube of uniform cross 'sible'to use a rod-like iiller of varying cross secmember's movable along I36. Similarly the index on tion as illustrated in my Patent No. 2,091,922 issued Aug. 24,1937. I

If desired, scales I42 and I43 may be normally calibrated in Saybolt seconds and the viscosity readings may be transferred to a logarithmic viscosity-temperature chart. The slope of the curve canthen be determined by drawing a line through the two points and parallel lines may then be drawn to determine viscosity-temperature. relations for that oil. If the slope of the curve is already known it is necessary to run only one test. I

The graphical analyzer as illustrated makes it possible quickly to determine viscosity-temperature relations of any'liquid for which the viscosity-temperature curve is a straight line when the variables are logarithmically calibrated.

What I claim is: 1 A viscosity testing device comprising a pair of spaced parallel viscosity scales, a temperature scale bridging the viscosity scales, a pair of members slidably adjustable along the temperature scale to .points corresponding withthe temperatures at which theviscosity readings are taken, aslider mounted upon each of said temperature members and each adapted to. be positioned in accordance with the viscosity indication upon its respective viscosity scale, a bar extending across .said temperature members and slidably and pivotally connected to said sliders to assume an in- ,clined position indicative of the slope of the temperature-viscosity curve. v

2. A viscosity testing device comprising a viscosity scale, a temperature scale placed at an angle tosaid viscosity scale, a pair of members 'slidably adjustable along saidtemperature scale to points corresponding with the temperatures at which the-viscosity readings are taken, a slider mounted upon each of said temperature members and each said slider adapted to be positioned in.

3. A viscosity testing device comprising: a vis cosimeter of the type in which the liquid rises in avertical column to a height proportional to the'viscosity, a viscosityscale associated with said column, a temperature scale projecting laterallyfrom said column, a pair of parallel said temperature scale, an element movable along the length of one of said members, another element movable along thelength of' the other said member, said elements being adapted to be placed in' positions relative to said viscosity scale according to two respective viscosity indications, and a bar extending across said members and pivoted to at least one or said movable elements. r ,4. In combination, a pair ofviscosity testing devices for liquid, a pair of parallel logarithmic viscosity scales, a l arithmic temperature scale situated at an. angle relative to said viscosity scales, a pair of parallel elements at an angle to said temperature scale and settable relative to said scale in accordance with the temperatures of the respective viscosity tests, and a member bridgingsaid' parallel elements, and settable along the lengths of said elements in accordance with tion corresponding to the respective temperatures a Y 3 2,160,606 the respective readings of said viscosity devices.

5. A viscosity testing device including .a viscosity scale, a temperature-scale placed at an angle to said viscosity scale, a pair 'of members settable with reference to said temperature scale to points corresponding with the temperatures atwhich the viscosity readings are taken, an element mounted on each of said temperature members and each said element adapted to be positioned in accordance withthe viscosity indicaof the tests, a bar extending across said temperature members, said bar being adapted to be positioned. by said elements to assume an inclined position indicative'oi the slope of the .temperatum-viscosity curve of the liquid tested in said device.

6. A viscosity testing device including a viscosity scale, a temperature scale placed at an angle to saidviscosity scale, a pair of members set'table with reference to said temperature scale to points corresponding with the temperatures at scale.

which the viscosity readings are taken, an element mounted on each oi! said temperature members and each said element adapted to be positioned in accordance with the viscosity indication corresponding to the respective temperatures of the tests, a'bar extending across said temperature members, said bar being adapted to be positioned by said elements to assume an inclined position;

ture scale at right angles to the viscosity scale.

BaSame asin claim 5 but with a logarithmic temperature scale and a logarithmic viscosity 20 

